Scientists have been attempting to solve this problem since the early 1920s, with some of the first documented efforts focused on creating an oral version of insulin
While you do not need to share details with everyone, isolation around health goals often undermines them
Faxn UL et al
What the FDA Requires in the BLA Efficacy Data: TRIUMPH-4: 28.7% weight loss Complete TRIUMPH-1: 28.3% weight loss Complete TRIUMPH-2: 20.8% weight loss (obesity + diabetes) Complete TRIUMPH-3: 22.6% weight loss (obesity + cardiovascular disease) Complete, MACE data not statistically significant Safety Data: Side effect profile across all four populations Short-term and medium-term adverse events, including the dysesthesia signal (up to 20.9% at 12mg) Drug interactions, especially with diabetes medications Manufacturing Data: Scale-up capability for millions of doses per month Quality control and stability data Cold chain distribution logistics Realistic Approval Scenarios With the BLA filing point now expected (Q1 2027), the remaining uncertainty is largely in the FDA review itself not in whether or when Lilly files

Semaglutide is a glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonist approved by the FDA for type 2 diabetes management (under the brand name Ozempic), chronic weight management (Wegovy), and cardiovascular risk reduction in adults with established cardiovascular disease and obesity or overweight
Head-to-Head Trial: SUSTAIN 7 The most direct comparison comes from the SUSTAIN 7 trial, which directly compared semaglutide and dulaglutide: Study design: 1,201 patients with Type 2 diabetes Compared semaglutide 0.5mg vs