After the formation of an epoxyallylic radical, the enzyme hydroperoxide lyase, which should be more accurately termed a hemiacetal synthase, converts the epoxy intermediate into a vinyl ether and thence to a short-lived hemiacetal, which spontaneously decomposes into two short chain fragments, i.e., cis -3-hexenal and 12oxo- cis -9-dodecenoic acid, though the positions and geometry of the double bonds may change by chemical or enzymatic isomerization
PMC 4962419
Wang ZY, Liu YY, Liu GH, Lu HB, Mao CY (2018) L-carnitine and heart disease
Black rice delivers antioxidants that protect and brighten, lactic acid smooths texture and encourages fresh, even skin, and niacinamide helps refine pores and strengthen the barrier
Huang, T., et al
Unlike other copper compounds that induced inflammatory markers, GHK-Cu showed no inflammatory response