Astrocyte dysfunction, beyond disrupting water and potassium homeostasis through altered AQP4 and Kir4.1 expression, amplifies neuroinflammation around degenerating motor neurons, exacerbating their deterioration
relaxation practices may help
Hypersensitivity reactions may manifest in various ways, ranging from local injection site reactions such as erythema, swelling, and pruritus to more severe systemic reactions including angioedema, anaphylaxis, or generalized urticaria
IM injections are the standard for rapidly restoring B12 levels, particularly in severe cases and patients with absorption issues
DSIP may also exert an endogenous control over excitability in the brain
Many people with low B12 feel fatigued and sluggish