A recent study found postmenopausal women on hormone therapy experienced significantly greater weight loss (12% to 16% more) and maintained better body composition, suggesting this combination may help to protect against muscle loss (6)
Pharmaceutical versions of this hormone amplify these natural effects, which makes GLP-1 medications effective tools for managing type 2 diabetes and, at higher doses, for promoting weight loss
[1] [7] Other notable effects include injection site reactions beyond pain (erythema, pruritus, induration in 13% of patients), increased heart rate (particularly with liraglutide), gallbladder disease (including gallstones and cholecystitis), and potential dehydration-related acute kidney injury
Remember that lifestyle changes alongside medication drive the best results across any timeline
The third pathway, glucagon, is the primary area of remaining uncertainty
There is limited evidence suggesting that glutamine directly lightens skin