In the U.S., healthcare professionals and compounding pharmacies emphasize careful handling
The standard recommendation is one 500 mcg capsule twice daily on an empty stomach
Conditions associated with high B12 include liver disease, renal impairment, myeloproliferative disorders, and certain malignancies
US Department of Health and Human Services
Excessive Vitamin B6 can cause nerve damage, while excess Vitamin B12 is typically excreted in urine
In one study, 17% of those with chronic venous insufficiency also had peripheral (non-coronary) artery disease, which is mainly due to atherosclerosis, and the incidence was higher in those with more severe venous disease