Part 1: the knowledge base
Papaya enzyme (Papain) is generally much gentler than Alpha Hydroxy Acids (AHAs), making it the ideal brightening choice for those with reactive or sensitive skin
Glutathione is also essential for brain function, metabolic and biochemical reactions such as DNA synthesis and repair, and is critical in supporting the health of organs such as the lungs and kidneys
doi:10.1056/NEJMoa2410659
Sirtuins, particularly SIRT1 and SIRT3, protect cells from oxidative stress by increasing the activity of antioxidant enzymes, including superoxide dismutase 2 (SOD2) and CAT (127, 131, 132)
It's a complementary mechanism, not a standalone solution