J Nutr 150(7):18451851 Farsijani S, Morais JA, Payette H, Gaudreau P, Shatenstein B, Gray-Donald K et al (2016) Relation between mealtime distribution of protein intake and lean mass loss in free-living older adults of the NuAge study
A peptide is a chain of amino acids held together by peptide bonds, and those bonds are precisely what digestive enzymes (pepsin, trypsin) are built to cut, with the acidic stomach environment finishing the job so an oral peptide is largely destroyed before it can be absorbed, which is why injection is the default
One key effect of GLP-1 is that it slows down digestion
Across studies, GLP-1RAs consistently promote short-chain fatty acidproducing bacteria while suppressing pro-inflammatory taxa
Differentiation 80 , 140146 (2010)
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