Metabolomic profile associated with insulin resistance and conversion to diabetes in the Insulin Resistance Atherosclerosis Study
It is important to note that the pathophysiology for these two presentations differs
Exenatide remains effective but is generally less potent in both glycemic and weight outcomes, which has limited its current use (Thomsen et al., 2025)
Oxidative Stress and Autophagy
The medication is administered as a once-weekly subcutaneous injection, starting with a non-therapeutic initiation dose of 0.25 mg for 4 weeks, then titrating to maintenance doses of 0.5 mg, 1 mg, or 2 mg depending on individual response and tolerability
Among these, glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists, which are already approved for weight management and type 2 diabetes, have shown promise