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doi: 10.1016/j.clnesp.2023.01.032 19

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Potential Benefits (Reported in Research Settings) Although not FDA-approved for clinical use, animal and cellular studies suggest IGF-1 LR3 may have: Increased Muscle Fiber Growth By enhancing both hypertrophy (size) and hyperplasia (number of muscle fibers)

In vitro studies have demonstrated that PAT inhibits macrophage functions like reduced rate of protein synthesis of lysosomal enzymes and cytokines, altered membrane functions, and significantly decreased ROS production, defects in phagosomelysosome fusion, and phagocytosis (Wichmann et al., 2002)

[22] References [edit] 1 2 3 GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000167468 Ensembl, May 2017 1 2 3 GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000075706 Ensembl, May 2017 "Human PubMed Reference:"