Carnitine is found almost exclusively (99%) intracellularly, existing either as free LC or as several species of acyl-carnitine esters, predominantly in the muscle and liver
Acetylcholine itself is an abundant neurotransmitter, responsible for communication between the nerves and muscles, sensation of pain, learning and memory formation and in the regulation of the endocrine system
Jimnez E, Sol B, Arias B, Mitjans M, Varo C, Reinares M, et al
Coenzyme Q 10 helps the body convert food into useable energy and functions as an antioxidant in cell membranes
In cases where individual curve fits could not be achieved, group-level models (e.g., equilibrium, flat, or linear) were used to approximate binding behavior
While large human trials are pending, preclinical and mechanistic evidence is strong