It is important to note that although DPP-4 inhibition results in a systemic increase in active GLP-1 levels, recent animal data suggest that the glycaemic effects of DPP-4 inhibition might also involve local intestinal inhibition of DPP-4 activity, activation of incretin receptors, reduced liberation of bioactive peptides and increased vagus nerve activity [12]
Ketamine and psilocybin each produce a brief acute experience but set off a wave of synaptic growth afterward, ketamine through glutamate release and mTOR-dependent synapse formation and psilocybin through rapid, lasting growth of dendritic spines in the frontal cortex, both via BDNF signaling, which is why a single session can shift symptoms for weeks
Chew sugar-free gum: Xylitol gum can help stimulate saliva if your mouth feels dry
This review explores gut dysbiosis across a broad spectrum of conditions, including neurodegenerative diseases (e.g., AD, PD, ALS), psychiatric disorders (e.g., MDD, BD, PTSD, anxiety), autoimmune syndromes (e.g., MS), and neuroinflammatory or toxic exposures (e.g., radiation, xenobiotics)
Zhai S, Hu X, Hu Y, Wu B, Xing D
The semaglutide blood work guide explains what tests to request and how to interpret results