Bianchi, G., Vitali, G., Caraceni, A., Ravaglia, S., Capri, G., Cundari, S., Zanna, C., and Gianni, L
Specifically, DPP-4 cleaves the peptide bond between Ala 8 -Glu 9 resulting in the abundant GLP-1 (936) amide constituting 6080% of total GLP-1 in circulation
The standard recommendation is one 500 mcg capsule twice daily on an empty stomach
Food supplement, with sweeteners
The authors compared changes in glycemic control and BMD with and without conversion from DPP-4 inhibitor to GLP-1 receptor agonist for 3 years and observed that patients who switched to the latter had greater decline in lumbar BMD than controls regardless of weight loss [12, 61]
Moreover, the levels of 5-hydroxytryptamine, -aminobutyric acid (GABA) and their receptors, as well as glutamate receptors are reduced in patients with AD (4246)