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Mitochondrial aspects of synaptic dysfunction in Alzheimers disease

A.PawlukH.Bloch-BoguslawskaE.SliwkaK

Free radical protection activity

Int J Cancer 123(4):951957 Chong B, Jayabaskaran J, Jauhari SM, Chan SP, Goh R, Kueh MTW, Li H, Chin YH, Kong G, Anand VV, Wang J-W, Muthiah M, Jain V, Mehta A, Lim SL, Foo R, Figtree GA, Nicholls SJ, Mamas MA, Januzzi JL, Chew NWS, Richards AM, Chan MY (2024) Global burden of cardiovascular diseases: projections from 2025 to 2050

The peptide's unique mechanism of action involves modulation of the nitric oxide system, upregulation of critical growth factors (VEGF, EGF, FGF), activation of the FAK-paxillin pathway, and interaction with GABAergic neurotransmission

Two main pathways can trigger this process, the intrinsic, also called mitochondrial pathway, when apoptosis is initiated by the internal signals of mitochondrial origin, and the extrinsic when apoptosis is activated by external stimuli [16]