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10.1016/S0140-6736(89)91909-0 Lancet 23 CaiJ.ChenY.SethS.FurukawaS.CompansR
Established risk factors for venous thromboembolism (VTE) include: Obesity (BMI 30 kg/m), which increases venous stasis and pro-inflammatory states Immobility or reduced mobility , particularly relevant in patients with severe obesity Previous history of VTE or family history of thrombophilia Active malignancy or recent surgery Hormonal therapies , including combined oral contraceptives or hormone replacement therapy Pregnancy and the postpartum period Smoking , which affects endothelial function and coagulation Risk factors for arterial thrombosis (myocardial infarction, stroke) include: Type 2 diabetes mellitus , associated with endothelial dysfunction, platelet hyperreactivity, and a prothrombotic state Hypertension , causing arterial wall damage Dyslipidaemia , promoting atherosclerotic plaque formation Established cardiovascular disease Chronic kidney disease , common in diabetes and associated with increased cardiovascular risk Patients initiating GLP-1 therapy should undergo a comprehensive cardiovascular risk assessment
They may contain high-risk ingredients, such as prescription or controlled drugs, and additives or contaminants that may or may not be listed on the label
Unregulated sources pose serious health risks including contamination or counterfeits
Figure 4 5 Conclusions Incretin receptor agonists including GLP-1R agonists and dual GLP-1R/GIPR co-agonists reduce food intake and drive weight loss in patients with obesity
i3-i14, academic.oup.com/ckj/article/5/Suppl_1/i3/447534
