Therefore, our question of MDMA-induced neurotoxicity needs more nuance than is it neurotoxic or not? The answer is yes it is, but its misleading
Although fMRI studies provide valuable non-invasive evidence that GLP-1RA treatment may alter neural responses to food-related cues, fMRI primarily measures blood-oxygen-level-dependent signals as an indirect index of neural activity, and therefore cannot determine whether GLP-1RAs act directly on specific central GLP-1R-expressing neuronal populations or indirectly through changes in peripheral physiology, interoceptive state, gastric emptying, or nausea-related signalling (98)
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Understanding GLP-1 Receptor Agonists: How They Work GLP-1 receptor agonists mimic a naturally occurring hormone that regulates blood sugar levels and appetite by slowing stomach emptying and reducing hunger signals in the brain