Accordingly, high extracellular concentrations of glutamate block system Xc- activity, inhibit cystine uptake, and drive ferroptosis [16, 21]
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Human clinical-trial data (Phase 1/2 studies in wound healing, cardiac injury, and dry eye) exist only for a different, full-length recombinant thymosin beta-4 product, not for the short synthetic fragment marketed as TB-500, so no completed published human trial has evaluated TB-500 specifically for muscle, tendon, or joint recovery
Glucocorticoid-based combination drug therapy now dominates clinical treatments for asthma
Inflammatory mediators and glutamate produced by astrocytes increase the overexpression of drug transporters in patients with drug-resistant epilepsy (162)