People with gastrointestinal conditions : Individuals with conditions such as Crohns disease, celiac disease, or those who have undergone gastrointestinal surgery are at higher risk of B12 deficiency
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Am J Prev Med
2025;389:119670 - a low-resolution reporting instrument that can describe internal reporting patterns, not incidence, causality, or harder clinical outcomes
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The ability to shuttle between the +1, +2, and +3 oxidation states is responsible for the versatile chemistry of vitamin B 12 , allowing it to serve as a donor of deoxyadenosyl radical (radical alkyl source) and as a methyl cation equivalent (electrophilic alkyl source)