However, clinical efficacy has always been a limiting issue
391 GLP-1 and GLP-1 analogs exert their effects on food intake and body weight through a myriad of neural substrates, encompassing several hypothalamic nuclei (including the arcuate nucleus of the hypothalamus, periventricular hypothalamus, and lateral hypothalamic area), hindbrain nuclei (such as the parabrachial nucleus and medial nucleus tractus solitarius), the ventral subregion of the hippocampus (vHP), and nuclei embedded within the mesolimbic reward circuitry (including the ventral tegmental area, VTA, and nucleus accumbens, NAc)
The specific effects on the development of RA by DPP4 enzymatic inhibition will need to be studied in future randomized controlled studies
J Clin Oncol 30:10801086 Liao D, Lv C, Cao L, Yao D, Wu Y, Long M, Liu N, Jiang P (2020) Curcumin Attenuates Chronic Unpredictable Mild Stress-Induced Depressive-Like Behaviors via Restoring Changes in Oxidative Stress and the Activation of Nrf2 Signaling Pathway in Rats
Regulatory status Not FDA-approved
When Eng filed his patent in 1993, GLP-1 was a scientific curiosity with no therapeutic future