It purportedly works by modulating multiple growth and repair pathways, including angiogenesis (the formation of new blood vessels), fibroblast activation, nitric oxide signalling, and anti-inflammatory cascades, all of which are essential to the healing process
1 Original Procognitive Characterization McCoy et al., Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics (2013) This paper has been under Expression of Concern since 2021 (see disclosure block above)
WADA releases each revision in October, with changes taking effect on January 1 of the following year
Common 5,6 Contraindications 5,6 Precautions 5,6 Store refrigerated at 36F to 46F (2C 8C)
10.3389/fnins.2011.00136 338
There were faster granulation tissue formation, re-epithelialization, dermal remodeling, and collagen deposition through extracellular signalregulated kinases (ERK)1/2 signaling pathway as well as its downstream targets, including c-Fos, c-Jun, and egr-1