Abbreviations AD: Alzheimers disease A: Amyloid-beta MOA: Mechanisms of action KEGG: Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes ADME: Absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion TCMSP: Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology Database and Analysis Platform DMSO: Dimethyl sulfoxide PMSF: Phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride RIPA: Radioimmunoprecipitation assay ELISA: Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay i.p: Intraperitoneal WT: Wild-type OF: Open field NOR: Novel object recognition MWM: Morris water maze PBS: Phosphate-buffered saline IHC: Immunohistochemistry qRT-PCR: Quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction FPKM: Fragments per kilobase of transcript per million mapped reads DEGs: Differentially expressed genes Gapdh: Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase SEM: Standard error of the mean ANOVA: Analysis of variance H&E: Hematoxylin and eosin 5-HT: 5-hydroxytryptamine GLP-1R: Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor NTR1: Neurotensin receptor 1 APP: Amyloid precursor protein NOS1: Nitric oxide synthase TrkA: Neurotrophic tyrosine kinase receptor 1 NO: Nitric oxide NGF: Nerve growth factor References Scheltens P, De Strooper B, Kivipelto M, Holstege H, Chtelat G, Teunissen CE, et al

Genetic polymorphisms are heritable changes in DNA sequences as consequence of single-nucleotide polymorphisms or stable point mutations that may partially alter enzyme activity, or large deletions in coding sequences resulting in a null phenotype 24,34
Note: Not recommended for individuals with a history of cancer
Headache Mild diarrhea Mild pain or redness at the injection site Nausea Serious or rare side effects Stop taking Vitamin B12 Injection and seek immediate medical attention right away if you experience any of the following: Allergic reactions, including angioedema, hives, and trouble breathing Signs of heart problems, including swelling, rapid weight gain, and shortness of breath Signs of hypokalemia, including muscle weakness, slow or irregular heartbeat Contraindications: This is not an exhaustive list of contraindications
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Vitamins Vitamin D, a fat-soluble secosteroid hormone, plays a key role in combating M.tb by impairing bacterial growth and upregulating innate host responses [72]