It remains an investigational peptide, not an approved pharmaceutical
The exact nature of this modulation (direct or indirect) is still evolving
It must survive stomach acid and digestive enzymes, then be absorbed through the intestinal lining into the bloodstream
La Merrill MA, Vandenberg LN, Smith MT, Goodson W, Browne P, Patisaul HB, et al
Remember, self-administered B12 injections and self-administered b12 shots are within your grasp
Populations of particular concern based on mechanism and the absence of human data include: individuals with active or suspected malignancy (pro-angiogenic preclinical profile)