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Consequently, the accumulated NAPQI binds covalently to the cysteine, methionine, tyrosine, and tryptophan residues of various proteins, forming NAPQI-protein adducts within the cell that disrupt normal physiological protein functions
A Reducing agents (such as ascorbic acid, beta-mercaptoethanol, dithiothreitol, and cysteine) and thiol reactive compounds (such as maleimides) interfere with the glutathione assay
Mechanistically, lichen secondary metabolites may contribute through membrane effects and interference with urease/biofilm-associated pathways, which aligns with the observed urease decrease and partial biofilm reduction
Int J Neuropsychopharmacol 2011, 14(01):123130
DOI.org (Crossref) , Clinical Toxicology (Philadelphia, Pa.) , vol