L-carnitine is a key nutrient in cellular metabolism whose main function is to transport fatty acids into mitochondria to be metabolized and used for cell energy production [1]
10.1146/annurev-neuro-061010-113613 88 OlgunA
Another investigation found that hepatoma-derived growth factor (HDGF), secreted from activated Mller cells, enhances microglial polarization toward a pro-inflammatory M1 phenotype via Dectin-1 signaling, worsening cytokine storms and BRB disruption in early NPDR (53, 54)
Dietary supplementation with carnosine also results in decreases in malondialdehyde, oxidative stress (including ischemic oxidative stress and cerebral ischemia), and ethanol-induced protein carbonyls in brains (Berezhnoy et al
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It can influence how the body produces certain signaling molecules called cytokines