Although the actions of GLP-1 on the beta-cell are preserved yet modestly diminished in T2DM, the diabetic alpha-cell retains near normal responsivity to low dose GLP-1 infusion, with inhibition of glucagon secretion seen to a similar extent in diabetic vs
154 However, HIF-1 in islets is decreased in T2D, by hyperglycemia through inhibiting the HIF-1-HIF-1 dimer formation, and by NEFAs through increasing the proteolysis, leading to inability to initiate hypoxic adaptive responses
Links to both are in my Tik Tok showcase
A 2025 study in the American Journal of Ophthalmology did not find a significant increase in NAION or ischemic optic neuropathy risk in patients taking semaglutide or GLP-1 medications compared with diabetes or high-BMI control groups
Stanbury shared that she stopped using the injections after she lost the weight, but confirmed she would happily take Ozempic again if she felt she needed to
et al (2024) Hyperhomocysteinemia-Induced Alterations in Protein Expression and Oxidative Stress Parameters in Rat Heart