Acknowledgments We acknowledge the support from the Department of Developmental Cell Biology, Cell Biology Division, Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Ministry of Public Health, Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education, China Medical University
In laboratory settings, Glutathione is studied for its role in cellular detoxification pathways, oxidative stress modulation, and maintenance of intracellular thiol balance
Benzyl alcohol is bacteriostatic rather than bactericidal, so it inhibits bacterial multiplication rather than killing organisms
The ARRIVE criteria were adopted in all animal trials
Whilst timing of supplementation is less critical than consistency, factors such as formulation type, food intake, and underlying gastrointestinal health significantly influence absorption efficiency
Daily stress associated with work, studying, and relationships also work against us and our health