Campbell JD, McDonough JE, Zeskind JE, Hackett TL, Pechkovsky DV, Brandsma CA, t al
Peptide origin / Partial sequence of human gastric protein BPC, isolated from gastric juice Molecular weight / Approximately 1,419 Da (15 amino acids) Common off-label oral dose / 250 to 500 mcg twice daily, taken on an empty stomach Common off-label subcutaneous dose / 200 to 300 mcg once or twice daily near the affected area or abdominally Evidence level / Preclinical only (GRADE: very low certainty for human GI healing) Key preclinical finding / Accelerated gastric ulcer healing in rats within 24 to 72 hours across multiple models Route preference for GI targets / Oral administration, based on topical mucosal contact rationale Safety profile in humans / Largely unknown
With a 3-ppm threshold, SpaMTP annotated 80,235 and 39,215 m / z values from HMDB and LipidMaps, respectively, exceeding METASPACE (247 and 322 annotations at 20% false discovery rate)
ACS Infect
However, injectable GHK-Cu is not FDA-approved for cosmetic use
Drug-induced liver injury (DILI) is a cause of acute and chronic liver disease caused specifically by medications and the most common reason for a drug to be withdrawn from the market after approval
