This is why research peptides are supplied as freeze-dried powder rather than pre-mixed solution
10.1074/jbc.M112.414722 97 YadavP
For the general patient population seeking medical recovery support, this has no clinical relevance
Non-reducing versus reducing SDS-PAGE run side by side is the classic and inexpensive approach: correctly folded, intramolecularly bonded protein is more compact and migrates differently under non-reducing conditions, disulfide-linked dimers and higher aggregates appear as bands that collapse to monomer on reduction, and comparing the two lanes tells you something no single-condition method does
Even if your diet includes plenty of animal proteins, you still may be at risk of vitamin B12 deficiency
And ultimately, we were asked to produce a 2,000-kilogram supply to keep their supplement selling well.