In vitro studies have documented 40-70% reductions in pro-inflammatory cytokine production, including TNF-alpha, IL-1beta, and IL-6, when inflammatory cells are pre-treated with GHK-Cu (1-5 M) prior to activation with lipopolysaccharide or other inflammatory stimuli
MMP, a key indicator of mitochondrial functionality, was assessed using JC-1 dye, which differentiates between energized and depolarized mitochondria
Researchers believe that this pain reduction occurs because that form of vitamin B12 strengthens nerve fibers, which are then not as susceptible to irritation by inflamed joints
Procurement-Friendly Options For smaller batches or market testing, consider manufacturers with very low MOQs
Stephan C et al
If you develop diarrhoea after starting B12 supplementation, it is worth considering other factors that may be contributing to your symptoms