Todd, at the University of Cambridge, used the LLD assay to extract the anti-pernicious anemia factor from liver extracts, purify it, and name it vitamin B 12
Most of them had no ingredients listed and the few that did only listed a smaller subset of those found in Berrymans B-12 Chemtool
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[16] In the absence of intrinsic factor or distal ileum receptors, only months to a year of vitamin B 12 are stored
Deficiency may present as fatigue, neuropathy, cognitive changes, or gastrointestinal symptoms related to malabsorption