he is a consultant for AbbVie, Amgen, Celgene, Dermira, Eli Lilly, Pfizer, Regeneron, Sun Pharmaceuticals and Valeant Pharmaceuticals
If you factor in the bioavailability discount, the effective cost per equivalent systemic dose increases substantially for oral products
10.3390/molecules26020430 4 AriyaratnamJ.SubramanianV
11.3 Relationship between astrocyte and neuron energy metabolism (including lactate shuttle and glutathione shuttle) While models of astrocyte-neuron metabolic coupling, such as the lactate and glutathione (GSH) shuttles, are well-supported, their universality and pathophysiological relevance remain subjects of debate
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