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Vitamin B12 There is four types of parenteral Vitamin B12 available: Cyanocobalamin 100 mcg/ml and 1000 mcg/ml best used as IM to prevent rapid loss via kidneys Hydroxycobalamin IM (compounded 1000 mcg/ml or more) known as long acting B12 (binds better to plasma proteins than cyanocobalamin) Methylcobalamin IV (compounded 1000 mcg or more up to 5000 mcg/ml) Adenosylcobalamin IV Common dose is 1000 mcg IM or IV Vitamin B12 as hydroxycobalamin is synthesized exclusively by microorganisms and is found in the liver of animals bound to protein as methylcobalamin = metabolically active form of Vitamin B12 Hydroxycobalamin is a chelator of cyanide and is used in cyanide poisoning Hydroxocobalamin is most generally used for vitamin B12 replacement therapy and is considered the drug of choice for vitamin B12 deficiency by the Martindale Extra Pharmacopoeia (Sweetman, 2002) and the World Health Organization (WHO) Model List of Essential Drugs
People with one or more of these characteristics should discuss clot risk with their healthcare provider: People with a history of blood clots, as recurrence rates are higher if youve had clots before
As always, listen to your body and adjust as needed.
Anna Whitehead, Fynn N Krause, et al
For instance, patients who experience severe side effects may become discouraged and less compliant with their treatment regimen, potentially leading to worse health outcomes
Expression levels of the (A) AMPK and (B) SIRT6 genes and their associated proteins were analyzed using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and Western blotting, and -actin was used as the loading control
