They work intracellularly to block the JAK/STAT signaling pathway, effectively intercepting the downstream signaling of multiple pro-inflammatory cytokines that drive RA tofacitinib mono-therapy has been found to be superior to methotrexate in reducing the symptoms and progression of RA
[9] [10] This dual action helps regulate blood glucose levels without causing hypoglycaemia when glucose concentrations are normal, though the risk of hypoglycaemia increases when used with insulin or sulfonylureas
Patients are told they should lose weight and eat better, but that conversation really ends there
NICE guidance (NG28) recommends careful dose adjustment of concomitant medications to minimise this risk
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However, it: Only results in modest weight loss (~5-7% body weight) Can cause gastrointestinal distress (diarrhea, nausea) Works best for those with insulin resistance rather than general obesity How GLP-1 and GIP Medications Offer Superior Weight Loss GLP-1 (Glucagon-Like Peptide-1) and GIP (Gastric Inhibitory Polypeptide) receptor agonists represent a new era in obesity treatment , working through multiple mechanisms to promote substantial and sustainable weight loss : Enhanced Appetite Suppression and Fullness GLP-1/GIP medications mimic natural gut hormones that regulate hunger and satiety, leading to: Significantly reduced appetite and cravings Longer-lasting fullness after meals No stimulant effects or addiction potential More Effective Weight Loss Compared to older medications, GLP-1 and GIP drugs produce greater and sustained weight loss : Tirzepatide (Mounjaro/Zepbound): 20-25% total body weight loss Semaglutide (Ozempic/Wegovy): 15-20% total body weight loss Phentermine & Topamax (Qsymia): 5-10% weight loss Metformin: 5-7% weight loss Long-Term Safety and Cardiometabolic Benefits Unlike Phentermine, which is only approved for short-term use , GLP-1/GIP medications are safe for long-term weight management
