Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, GBD Results, Accessed 24 November 2024
KG can generate acetyl-CoA, a metabolic precursor for lipid synthesis in the cytoplasm, and stimulate dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase to produce mitochondrial ROS and increase local iron levels to promote ferroptosis [45]
It is a cyclic heptapeptide that may engage several melanocortin receptors involved in pigmentation, appetite regulation, and certain neuroendocrine signals
More serious considerations include risk of pancreatitis, gallbladder problems, kidney injury (often related to dehydration from gastrointestinal symptoms), and rare cases of medullary thyroid cancer (these medications carry a black box warning for patients with personal or family history of MTC or MEN2 syndrome)
Regulatory review, if trials conclude successfully, could still take several years
Consistent improvements in liver histology across subgroups in a post hoc analysis of the SYNERGY-NASH trial with tirzepatide