The 2025 IV pilot measured cardiac, hepatic, renal, thyroid, and glucose biomarkers and reported no abnormalities (Lee et al., 2025), which gives a sense of what those investigators considered worth checking
It has also been studied for its potential to enhance exercise performance, a benefit that could have wide-ranging implications for both general health and athletic performance
Choose an injection site with pinchable subcutaneous fat: lower abdomen (avoid 2 inches around the navel), love handles, outer thigh, or back of upper arm
doi: 10.3748/wjg.v31.i10.100194 42 GuoRLiYSongQHuangRGeXNietoNet al
WADA added it to the Prohibited List in 2022, category S0
For deficiency, weekly injections are common during the loading phase, and monthly maintenance is standard long-term