ROS are highly reactive and include free radicals like superoxide anion (O 2 ) and hydroxyl radical (OH), as well as non-radical molecules such as hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ) ( Under physiological conditions, a small amount of ROS is essential for sperm functions, including the initiation of capacitation, a process required for sperm to acquire the ability to fertilize an egg
Time and time again, I recommend glutathione to my clients
Multidrug resistance protein 1 (MRP1) prevents GSH efflux from the cells and strongly inhibits ferroptosis (Cao et al., 2019)
Made up of three amino acids - glutamine, glycine and cysteine, it is naturally produced by the liver and has a number of functions
Inhibits the enzyme tyrosinase, which controls melanin production
The body employs a multifaceted defense system to counteract oxidative stress, involving both endogenous and exogenous antioxidants [189]