In brief, plated cells were incubated for 30 min at 37 C, 5% CO 2 in the staining solution (HBSS containing 1 g ml 1 Hoechst 33342 (62247, Invitrogen, Thermo Fisher Scientific) and either 5 M CellROXTM, 1 M FerroOrange or 1 M BODIPY 581/591 C11)
VIP may require a phosphate buffer (pH 7.4) for optimal stability due to its sensitivity to proteolysis
MITOCHONDRIAL FUNCTION & ATP SYNTHESIS: Mitochondrial function is essential for producing Adenosine Triphosphate(ATP), the primary energy currency in cells, which fuels muscle contractions during exercise
Lead author Associate Professor Michael Falster said demand has skyrocketed, with monthly sales jumping from 58,000 in May 2020 to 500,000 in April 2025
Receptor-associated independent cAMP nanodomains mediate spatiotemporal specificity of GPCR signaling
as indicated in the corresponding figure legend